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The gate valve controls the flow of water by raising or lowering the inner gate using a twist handle or knob located on the top of the valve. Gate valves must never be used to control flow-they are designed to be fully open (allowing complete flow) or fully closed (completely stopping flow).
When the operator rotates the handle counterclockwise, the valve stem lifts from the handle and opens the door. Rotate the gate clockwise to move the valve stem back to the gate and close the valve. When the valve stem no longer extends out of the handle, the gate valve is closed.
The most common causes of gate valve failure are wear and corrosion. Over time, gate valves tend to wear out. Corrosion can cause the disc to get stuck in the open or closed position. When the handle is stressed, the valve stem leading from the handle to the disc often breaks, making the valve unusable.
The correct way to open the gate valve is to gently turn the handle counterclockwise (to the left) without excessive force-don't "jump" the handle. A typical 1-inch water main control valve requires about six turns to fully open. Stop turning as soon as there is any resistance.
When the handle of the ball valve is parallel to the valve or pipe, it is open. When it is vertical, it is closed.
When the valve is fully open, the gate valve is full bore, which means that nothing obstructs the flow, because the gate and the pipe have the same diameter. This aperture also determines the size of the valve.
The main difference is the operation. The gate valve moves the solid disc up and down to open/close the orifice. The ball valve rotates a ball with a hole (orifice) 90 degrees to open/close the valve.
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